FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERENT
AUXILIARY VERBS
1.
THE AUXILIARY ‘BE’
A.
IN THE FORMATION OF TENSES
THE
DIFFERENT FORMS OF BE ARE USED IN FORMING THE CONTINUOUS TENSES AND IN ALL
PASSIVE FORMS.
I.IAM EATING A BANANA
II. HE IS LEAVING
TOMORROW.
III. THEY ARE GOING FOR A
WALK.
IV. YOU WILL BE WORKING
LATE.
V.YOU ARE BEING
FOLLOWED.
VI. THE BOOK WILL BE
RETURNED TOMORROW.
B.
TO CONVEY INSTRUCTIONS
THE
BE + INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTION IS USED TO CONVEY ORDERS OR INSTRUCTIONS.
I.
NO ONE IS TO LEAVE THE ROOM.
II.
YOU ARE TO REPORT AT TEN
TOMORROW.
III.
HE IS TO STAY HERE TILL THE
FUNCTION IS OVER.
C. TO
CONVEY A PLAN
THE
BE + INFINITIVE CONTRUCTION CAN ALSO BE USED TO CONVEY A PLAN.
I.
HE IS TO LEAVE FOR MUMBAI
TOMORROW.
II.
THE MINISTER IS TO ADDRESS A
MEETING HERE.
III.
THE PRESIDENT IS TO
BROADCAST TO THE NATION AT 8 P.M.
IV.
THEY WERE TO ARRIVE THIS
MORNING.
D. THE
CONSTRUCTION BE + ABOUT + INFINITIVE DENOTES AN ACTION PLANNED FOR THE
IMMEDIATE FUTURE.
I.
I WAS ABOUT TO LEAVE WHEN
THE BELL RANG.
II.
THEY ARE ABOUT TO SIGN THE
AGREEMENT.
2.
THE AUXILIARY ‘HAVE’
A.
TO FORM THE PERFECT TENSES
PRESENT
PERFECT
I.
I HAVE DONE MY WORK.
II.
YOU HAVE LEFT SOMETHING
BEHIND.
III.
HE HAS GONE OUT.
PAST
TENSE
I.
I HAD WRITTEN THE NOTE
BEFORE YOU CAME.
II.
YOU HAD ANNOUNCED IT
EARLIER.
III.
HE HAD LEFT HOME BEFORE THEY
ASKED ABOUT HIM.
FUTURE TENSE
I.
I FILL HAVE GOT MARRIED BY
THE END OF JUNE.
II.
BY 2006 INDIA WILL HAVE
DEVELOPED THIS TECHNOLOGY.
III.
THEY WILL HAVE REACHED
MUMBAI BY TOMORROW MORNING.
B.
HAVE + INFINITIVE IS USED TO SHOW
OBLIGATION.
I.
I HAVE TO COMPLETE THESE
LETTERS.
II.
YOU HAVE TO GUARD THE ROOM.
III.
HE HAS TO PREPARE FOR THE
TEST.
C. HAVE
+ OBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE IS USED AS FOLLOWS.
HE HAD NEW TREES PLANTED IN HIS GARDEN.
SEE
ALSO
I.
I HAD MY HOUSE CLEANED.
II.
THE AUTHORITIES HAD THE
BUILDING DEMOLISHED.
III.
SHE HAD THE DAMAGED CAR
REPAIRED.
D. THE
AUXILIARY HAVE CAN ALSO BE ISED WITH THE PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE MAIN VERB HAVE
I.
I HAVE HAD MY BREAKFAST.
II.
HE HAS HAD AN HOUR’S REST.
III.
THEY HAD HAD THEIR DINNER
BEFORE THE GYESTS CAME.
3.
THE AUXILIARY ‘DO’
A.
TO FORM NEGATIVES OF THE SIMPLE
PRESENT AND SIMPLE PAST TENSE FORMS OF ORDINARY VERBS.
I.
HE SELLS NEWSPAPERS.
II.
HE DOES NOT SELL NEWSPAPERS.
III.
THEY PLAYED WELL TODAY.
IV.
THEY DID NOT PLAY WELL
TODAY.
B.
TO FORM INTERRUGATIVES OF THE PRESENT
SIMPLE AND THE PAST SIMPLE FORMS OF VERBS.
I.
HE GOES TO THE LIBRARY EVERY
DAY.
II.
DOES HE GO TO THE LIBRARY
EVERY DAY?
III.
YOU SING BEAUTIFULLY.
IV.
DO YOU SING BEAUTIFULLY?
V.
THEY ASKED SEVERAL QUESTIONS
VI.
DID THEY ASK SEVERAL
QUESTIONS?
C. TO
MAKE QUESTION TAGS.
I.
MALA SPEAKS FRENCH, DOESN’T
SHE?
II.
YOU DON’T COME, DID THEY?
III.
THEY DIDN’T COME, DID THEY?
IV.
THEY CAME YESTERDAY, DIDN’T
THEY?
V.
YOU BELONG TO CHENNAI, DON’T
YOU?
D. THE
DO/DID/DOES + INFINITIVE CONSTRUTION IS USED TO GIVE EMPHASIS TO A STATEMENT.
IT IS OFTEN USED TO EXPRESS AN OPTION DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE GIVEN EARLIER.
I.
WHY DIDN’T YOU ATTEND
RAMESH’S MARRIAGE?
II.
I DID ATTEND THE MARRIAGE.
III.
YOU DON’T GO TO CHURCH
REGULARLY.
IV.
I DO GO EVERY SUNDAY.
E.
IN SHORT AGREEMENTS, DISAGREEMENTS AND
ADDITIONS.
AGREEMENTS
I.
SANKAR SPOKE WELL.
II.
YES,HE DID.
III.
LATA SINGS BEAUTIFULLY.
IV.
YES, SHE DOES.
V.
VARMA DIDN’T COME.
VI.
NO, HE DOESN’T.
DISAGREEMENTS
I.
IT RAINED HEAVILY.
II.
NO, IT DIDN’T.
III.
HE LIVES WITH HIS BROTHER.
IV.
NO, HE DOESN’T.
ADDITIONS
I.
MR. PANDE EATS MEAT, AND SO
DO I.
II.
MY BROTHER SMOKES, BUT I
DON’T
III.
HE DOES NOT GO TO THE MOVIES
ANDNEITHER DO I.
IV.
SHEELA DOES NOT LIKE PRAWNS
BUT HER SISTER DOES.
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